1-4 FINAL CLEAN UP
Before final inspection of the work, the Contractor shall clean the roadway, material sites, and all ground occupied by him in connection with the work of all rubbish, excess materials, and equipment. All parts of the work shall be left in a neat and presentable condition. Full compensation for final clean up will be considered as included in the contract price for the placement of the cape seal and no separate payment will be made.

1-5 EXTRA WORK
New and unforeseen work will be classed as extra work when determined by the Engineer that such work is not covered by the contract. In the event portions of such work are determined by the Engineer to be covered, the remaining portion of such work will be classed as extra work.

The Contractor shall do such extra work and furnish labor, material, and equipment upon receipt of an approved contract change order or other written order of the Engineer, and in the absence of such approved contract change order or other written order of the Engineer he shall not be entitled to payment for such extra work.

Payment for extra work, will be made by force account or as agreed to by the Contractor and the Engineer.

1-6 AUTHORITY OF ENGINEER
The engineer shall decide all questions which may arise as to the quality or acceptability of materials furnished and work performed and as to the manner of performance and rate of progress of the work; all questions as to the acceptable fulfillment of the contract on the part of the Contractor; and all questions as to compensation. His decision shall be final and he shall have authority to enforce and make effective such decisions and orders which the Contractor fails to carry out promptly.

1-7 SOURCE OF SUPPLY AND QUALITY OF MATERIALS
The Contractor shall furnish all materials required to complete the work. Only materials conforming to the requirements of the specifications shall be incorporated in the work.

The materials furnished and used shall be new. The materials shall be manufactured, handled, and used in a workmanlike manner to insure completed work in accordance with the specifications.

Materials to be used in the work will be subject to inspection and tests by the Engineer. The Contractor shall furnish without charge such samples as may be required. The Contractor shall furnish the Engineer a list of his sources of materials and the locations at which such materials will be available for inspection. The list shall be submitted to the Engineer in sufficient time to permit inspecting and testing of materials to be furnished from such listed sources in advance of their use. The Contractor shall assure that the Engineer has free access at all times to the material to be inspected, sampled or tested. It is understood that such inspections and tests if made at any point other than the point of incorporation in the work in no way shall be considered as a guarantee of acceptance of such material nor of continued acceptance of material presumed to be similar to that upon which inspections and tests have been made, and that inspection and testing performed shall not relieve the Contractor or his suppliers of responsibility for quality control.

1-8 CERTIFICATES OF COMPLIANCE
A Certificate of Compliance shall be furnished prior to the use of any materials. The certificate shall be signed by the manufacturer of the material and shall state that the materials involved comply in all respects with the requirements of the specifications. A Certificate of Compliance shall be furnished with each lot of material delivered to the work.

All materials used on the basis of a Certificate of Compliance may be sampled and tested at any time. The fact that material is used on the basis of a Certificate of Compliance shall no relieve the Contractor of responsibility for incorporating material in the work which conforms to the requirements of the specifications and any such material not conforming to such requirements will be subject to rejection whether in place or not.

The owner reserves the right to refuse to permit the use of material on the basis of a Certificate of Compliance.

The form of the Certificate of Compliance and its disposition shall be as directed by the Engineer.

1.9 TESTING
Unless otherwise specified, all tests shall be performed in accordance with the methods referenced in the appropriate section of this specification.

Whenever a reference is made in the specifications to a Test by number, it shall mean the Test in effect on the day the contract was awarded.

The Engineer may, at his discretion, select random samples for testing. Test specimens from the random samples, including those required for retest, shall be prepared in accordance with the referenced specification and furnished by the Contractor at his expense. The number of such samples and test specimens shall be entirely at the discretion of the Engineer.

When requested by the Engineer, the Contractor shall furnish, without charge, samples of all materials entering into the work, and no material shall be used prior to approval by the Engineer.

The contractor will furnish a one quart sample of asphaltic emulsion drawn from each tank load of material to be used on the project. Samples will be obtained in accordance with ASTM Method D140 or such other methods as are approved by the Engineer.

2 MATERIALS
2-1 AGGREGATE
Aggregate shall consist of sound, durable, crushed stone or crushed gravel and approved mineral filler. The material shall be free from vegetable matter and other deleterious substances. Aggregates for the chip and slurry courses shall contain at least 90 and 100 (no round particles) percent by weight crushed particles, as determined by CA TM 205, respectively. The percentage composition by weight of the aggregate shall be as follows:

PERCENTAGE PASSING
SIEVE SIZES	CHIP COURSE	SLURRY COURSE
3/4"	100	_____
1/2"	100
3/8"	90-100	100
No. 4	5-30	90-100
No. 8	0-10	65-90
No. 16	0-5	40-70
No. 30	-	25-50
No. 200	0-2	5-15
The aggregate shall also conform to the following quality requirements:
TESTS	CALIF. TEST ASTM TEST	REQUIREMENTS
Tests	California Test	Requirements Chip Course Slurry Course
Loss in Los Angeles Rattler (100)	211	10% Max.
Loss in Los Angeles Rattler (500)	211	40% Max.
Film Stripping	302	25% Max.
Cleanness Value	227	80 Min.
Sand Equivalent	217 D2419	45 Min.
Aggregates for chip course shall be surface damp at the time of application but excess water on the aggregate surface will not be permitted. Wetting of the aggregate stockpiles on the day or days prior to application will be permitted; wetting of the aggregates on the day of application will only be permitted if approved by the Engineer.

2-2 ASPHALTIC EMULSION
2-2.1 CHIP COURSE
The asphalt emulsion used for the chip course shall be a LMCRS-2h type meeting the following requirements:

Specification Designation	Test Method	Requirements
Viscosity @ 122 degrees F	AASHTO T-59	75 - 300 Sec.
Sieve	AASHTO T-59	0.3% Maximum
Settlement, 5 days	AASHTO T-59	5% Maximum
Demulsibility	AASHTO T-59	40% Minimum
Storage Stability (test 1 day)	AASHTO T-59	1% Maximum
Particle Charge	AASHTO T-59	Positive
Ash Content	ASTM D3723	0.2% Maximum
Test of Residue by Drying:
Percent Residue	CAL-331	65% Minimum
Penetration @ 77 degrees F 100 G, 5 Sec	AASHTO T-49	40 - 90
Ductility @ 77 degrees F 5 cm/min.	AASHTO T-51	40 cm Minimum
Torsional Recovery	CAL-332	18% Minimum

2-2.2 SLURRY COURSE
Asphaltic emulsion shall be a cationic quick-setting type latex modifiedconforming to the following requirements.

Specification Designation	Test Method	Requirements
Viscosity, @ 77 degrees F	AASHTO T-59	15-100
Storage stability test, 24-h, % Maximum pH 1.0 -3.0	AASHTO T-59	1%
Sieve test, %	AASHTO T-59	0.10
Distillation: Residue, %	AASHTO T-59	60% Minimum
Tests on residue from distillation test:
Penetration, 77 degrees F (25 degrees C), 100 g, 5 s	AASHTO T-49	40-90
Ductility, 77 degreeg F (25 degrees C), 5 cm/min, cm	AASHTO T-51	40 Minimum
Solubility in trichlorethylene,	% AASHTO T-59	97.5 Minimum
Softening Point	ASTM D36	130F min

2-2.3 Water
Water when used for mixing, shall be of such quality that the asphalt will not separate from the emulsion before the mixture is in place in the work.

3 Application
3-1 Chip Course
3-1.1 Preparation
No less then 24 hours before beginning chip operations, the contractor shall notify all residents, businesses and agencies by an approved written notice detailing streets and limits of work to be done and the hours of work. The contractor shall also 24 hour post all streets that are to be worked upon with temporary "No Parking - Tow Away" signs at 100 foot intervals. These signs shall also state the day of the week and hours of no parking.

Adequate means shall be provided to protect the chip course from damage from traffic until such time that the mixture has cured sufficiently so that the aggregate will not adhere to and be picked up by the tires of the vehicles.

3-1.2 Applying Latex Asphaltic Emulsion
Asphaltic Emulsion shall be prevented from spraying upon adjacent pavements, that portion of the traveled way being used by traffic structures, railing and barriers, markers, trees and shrubbery that are not to be removed, adjacent property and improvements, and other highway improvements or facilities not mentioned herein.

Distributor trucks shall be of the pressure type with insulated tanks. The use of gravity distributors will not be permitted. Spray bars shall have a minimum length of 9 feet and shall be of the full circulating type. The spray bar shall be adjustable to permit positioning at various heights above the surface to be treated. The valves shall be operated by levers so that one or all valves may be quickly opened or closed in one operation.

Spreading by means of cab controlled valves will be permitted. The valves which control the flow from nozzles shall act positively so as to provide a uniform unbroken spread of bituminous material on the surface. The distributor shall be equipped with devices and charts to provide for accurate and rapid determination and control of the amount of bituminous material being applied and with a bitumeter of the auxiliary wheel type registering speed in feet per minute, and trip and total distance in feet. The spreading equipment shall be designed so that uniform application of bituminous material, in controlled amounts, may be made ranging from 0.02 to one gallon per square yard of surface and with a range of pressure from 25 to 75 pounds per square inch. If a spray bar extension is used to cover a greater width, it shall be of the full circulating type. The distributor shall be equipped with a hose and nozzle to be used for spraying areas which are inaccessible to the distributor. The distributor shall also be equipped with pressure gages and an accurate thermometer for determination of temperatures of the bituminous material. Distributor and booster tanks shall be so maintained at all times as to prevent dripping of bituminous material from any part of the equipment.

In order to secure uniform distribution at the junction of 2 applications, the distribution shall be promptly stopped when the uniform flow decreases, indicating the tank is about empty.

The Owner reserves the right to order the use of any equipment discontinued which, in the opinion of the Engineer, fails to produce a satisfactory distribution of asphalt in accordance with the specifications.

Asphaltic emulsion shall not be applied when weather conditions are unsuitable. Asphaltic emulsion shall not be applied until sufficient aggregates are on hand to immediately cover the asphaltic emulsion, or when the atmospheric temperature is below 65 degrees F, or when the pavement temperature is below 80 degrees F.

The Contractor shall provide a satisfactory method of accurately measuring the volume of liquid asphalt in his storage tanks and in each spreading unit at any time. The initial application rate will be 0.27 gallons per square yard. The rate of application can be changed within a range of 0.20 to 0.35 gallons per square yard as directed by the Engineer.

The Engineer will notify the Contractor, no later than 4:00 p.m., if it is anticipated that the next working day will not be suitable for the application of seal coat. When the Engineer has declared a day to be unsuitable by reason of expected low temperature or unsuitable weather conditions, the Contractor shall not apply material.

Applying asphaltic emulsion shall be discontinued sufficiently early in the day to permit the termination of traffic control prior to darkness. Asphaltic emulsion shall be applied to only one designated traffic lane at a time and the entire width of the lane shall be covered in one operation.

Asphaltic emulsion shall not be applied a greater distance than can be immediately covered by aggregate, unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer.

The determination of the pass shall be made on building paper or similar material spread over the surface. Paper shall also be placed over the treated surface for a sufficient length at the beginning of a spread to avoid spraying existing pavement or previously placed aggregate and so that the nozzles are spreading properly when the uncovered surface is reached. The building paper shall then be removed an disposed of in a manner satisfactory to the Engineer.

The distribution of asphaltic emulsion shall not vary more than 15 percent transversely from the average as determined by tests, nor more than 10 percent longitudinally from the specified rate of application as determined by CA TM 339.

The temperature of the latex asphaltic emulsion at the time of application shall range between 110 and 160 degrees F. Asphaltic emulsion shall be reheated, if necessary but at no time after loading into a tank car or truck for transporting to the site of the work shall the temperature of the emulsion be raised above 160 degrees F, unless permitted by the Engineer. During all reheating operations the asphaltic emulsion shall be agitated to prevent localized overheating.

Asphaltic emulsion shall be heated by a retort or by steam coils in such a manner that steam will not be introduced directly into the liquid asphalt during heating. The Contractor shall furnish and keep available at all times, an accurate thermometer suitable for determining the temperature of the liquid asphalt being applied.

If required by the Engineer, a 300 foot test section shall be applied with each pressure distributor which is to be used for application of the asphaltic emulsion. The test section may be located on a street to be sealed or as directed by the Engineer. Adjustments of nozzles to achieve proper overlap and determination of application rates shall be established as part of the calibration.

3-1.3 Spreading Aggregate
Immediately following the application of the asphaltic emulsion, it shall be covered with aggregate spread at the rate of 20 to 30 pounds per square yard (+/- 10 percent).

Aggregates shall be spread by means of a self-propelled chip spreader, equipped with a mechanical device which will spread the aggregates at a uniform rate over the full width of a traffic lane in one applications. The joint between adjacent applications of aggregate shall coincide with the line between designated traffic lanes.

Operating the chip spreader at speeds which cause the chips to roll over after striking the bituminous covered surface will not be permitted.

The transverse cut off of aggregate shall be complete and any excess aggregate shall be removed from the surface prior to resuming operations.

Stockpiling of aggregate prior to placing will be permitted, however any contamination resulting during storage or from reloading operations will be cause for rejection.

Aggregate shall be redampened in the vehicles prior to delivery to the spreader when directed by the Engineer. Asphaltic emulsion shall be covered with aggregate before setting or "breaking" of the asphaltic emulsion occur.

If required by the Engineer, a 300 foot test section shall be covered with each self propelled spreader in order to check spread rate and to determine that the spreader is in good operating condition.

3-1.4 Finishing
After the aggregate has been spread upon the asphaltic emulsion, any piles, ridges, or uneven distribution shall be carefully removed to insure against permanent ridges, bumps or depressions in the completed surface. Additional aggregate shall be spread in whatever quantities may be required to prevent picking up by the rollers or traffic, after which the surface shall be rolled.

Rollers shall be pneumatic-tired type. A minimum of 2 pneumatic-tired rollers shall be provided. Pneumatic-tired rollers shall be the oscillating type having a width of not less than 4 feet with pneumatic tires of equal size diameter and having treads satisfactory to the Engineer. Wobble-wheel rollers will not be permitted. The tires shall be spaced so that the gaps between adjacent tires will be covered by the following tires.

The tires shall be inflated to 90 pounds per square inch, or such lower pressure as designated by the Engineer, and maintained so that the air pressure will not vary more than 5 pounds per square inch from the designated pressure. Pneumatic-tired rollers shall be constructed so that the total weight of the roller can be varied to produce an operating weight per tire of not less than 2,000 pounds. The total operating weight of the roller shall be varied as directed by the Engineer.

Initial rolling shall consist of one complete coverage and shall begin immediately behind the spreader. Asphaltic emulsion and aggregate shall not be spread more than 2,500 feet ahead of completion of initial rolling operations. Secondary rolling shall begin immediately after completion of the initial rolling. The amount of secondary rolling shall be sufficient to adequately seat the aggregate and in no case shall be less than 2 complete coverages.

The Contractor shall provide the necessary equipment and flaggers required by the Engineer to control traffic. The surface shall be maintained for a period of 4 days after aggregate is applied to the asphaltic emulsion. Maintenance of the surface shall include the distribution of aggregate over the surface to absorb any free bituminous material, to cover any area deficient in cover coat material and to prevent formation of corrugations. Clean sand may be used in lieu of aggregate to cover any excess of asphaltic emulsion which comes to the surface. The use of roadside material for this purpose will not be permitted.

Unless otherwise ordered by the Engineer, a light brooming shall be performed to remove loose aggregate at the following times:

1. At the end of the workday on which the aggregate is applied if traffic has not been allowed on the seal coat.

2. As a first order of work on the morning following application of aggregate.

When directed by the Engineer, excess aggregate shall be salvaged and stockpiled at locations designated by him.

Excess aggregate which in the opinion of the Engineer are not salvable and which interfere with drainage shall be removed and disposed of by the Contractor at his expense.

Residential streets shall be swept within 24 hours after placing the chip seal. The sweeper shall be self propelled with vacuum or rejentitive air pickup and spray bar(s) to reduce dust. Residential areas shall be swept a second time or more if necessary in the same manner as the first sweeping as directed by the Engineer. Completion of sweeping shall be evidenced by the absence of loose chips in gutters or driveways. Special attention shall be required in sweeping driveways clear of loose chips. The Contractor shall provide a sufficient number of sweepers to sweep all streets within 24 hours after spreading aggregates for chip course. Should the Contractor be required to sweep the street a second or more times, compensation for these additional sweepings will be provided on a force account basis.

3-2 SLURRY COURSE
3-2.1 PREPARATION
The chip course seal shall be allowed to age and cure under traffic for at least one week before placing the slurry mixture. A longer curing period shall be required if, in the opinion of the Engineer, the asphaltic emulsion used for the chip course has not achieved a reasonable set which could result in damage to the finished product if prematurely covered by the slurry mix.

Before placing the slurry course, the pavement surface shall be cleaned by sweeping, flushing or other means necessary to remove all loose particles of paving, all dirt , loose chips, and all other extraneous material.

Before commencing the slurry operations, all surface metal utility covers which were uncovered shall be covered by thoroughly covering the surface with an appropriate adhesive and oiled or plastic paper. No adhesive material shall be permitted to cover, seal or fill the joint between the frame and cover of the structure. Covers are to be uncovered and cleaned by the end of the same work day. Ridges or bumps in the finished surface will not be permitted.

3-2.1 Proportioning
Asphaltic emulsion shall be added at a rate of from 11 to 25%. A job mix design prepared in accordance with ISSA TB 111 or as approved by the Engineer, shall be submitted by the Contractor for approval by the Engineer. The submitted shall include a description of the design process and the results of all tests required that conforms to the specification limits, and that is suitable for the traffic, climate conditions, curing conditions and final use.

The Slurry course mixture shall be proportioned by the operation of a single start/stop switch or lever which automatically sequences the introduction of aggregate, emulsified asphalt, admixtures, if used, and water to the pugmill.

Calibrated sight flowmeters shall be provided to measure both the addition of water and liquid admixtures to the pugmill. If necessary for workability, a retarding agent, that will not adversely affect the seal, may be used.

Water, and retarder if used, shall be added to ensure proper workability and (a) permit uncontrolled traffic on the slurry course no more than three (3) hours after placement without the occurrence of bleeding, raveling, separation or other distress; and (b) prevent development of bleeding, raveling, separation or other distress within seven (7) days after placing the slurry course.

Uniformity of distribution of asphalt will be determined by extraction tests in accordance with CAM 310. The average bitumen ratio (pounds of asphalt per 100 pounds of dry aggregates) shall not vary more than five (5) percent above or below the amount shown in this job mix design. This requirement shall apply to samples taken from any location or operation designated by the Engineer.

3-2.2 Mixing
The Slurry course shall be mixed in a self-propelled mixing machine equipped with a continuous flow pugmill capable of accurately delivering and automatically proportioning the aggregate, emulsified asphalt, water and admixtures to a double shafted, multiblade pugmill mixer capable of minimum speeds of 200 revolutions per minute.

A minimum of two mixing machines, of 12 cubic yard or larger capacity, shall be maintained on the project. The slurry course retention time in the pugmill shall be less than three seconds. The mixing machine shall have sufficient storage capacity of aggregate, emulsified asphalt, and water to maintain an adequate supply to the proportioning controls.

The mixing machine shall be equipped with hydraulic controls for proportioning the material by volume to the mix. Each material control device shall be calibrated, properly marked, preset and lockable at the direction of the Engineer. The mixing machine shall be equipped with a water pressure system and nozzle type spray bars to provide a water spray immediately ahead of the spreader box.

The mixing machine shall be equipped with an approved fines feeder that provides a uniform, positive, accurately metered, pre-determined amount of a mineral filler, if used, at the same time and location that the aggregate is fed.

3-2.3 Spreading Equipment
The slurry mixture shall be uniformly spread by means of a controlled spreader box conforming to the following requirements:

The spreader shall be capable of spreading a traffic lane width and shall have strips of flexible rubber belting or similar material on each side of the spreader box and in contact with the pavement to prevent loss of slurry from the box and the box shall have baffles, or other suitable means, to insure uniform application on super-elevated sections and shoulder slopes.

The rear flexible strike-off blade shall make close contact with the pavement and shall be capable of being adjusted to the various crown shapes so as to apply a uniform seal coat.

Slurry mixture, to be spread in areas inaccessible to the controlled spreader box, may be spread by other approved methods.

3-2.4 Placing
The slurry course shall not be placed if either the pavement or the air temperature is below 55 degrees F and falling, but may be applied when both the air and pavement temperature is 45 degrees F or above and rising. The mixture shall not be applied if high relative humidity prolongs the curing beyond a reasonable time.

Before placing the slurry course, the pavement surface shall be cleaned by sweeping, flushing or other means necessary to remove all loose particles of paving, all dirt, loose chips, and all other extraneous material.

Prior to 24 hours before beginning slurry course operations, the contractor shall notify all residents, businesses and agencies by an approved written notice detailing streets and limits of work to be done and the hours of work. The contractor shall also 24 hour post all streets that are to be worked upon with temporary "No Parking - Tow Away" signs at 100 foot intervals. These signs shall also state the day of the week and hours of no parking.

Immediately before commencing the slurry course operations, all surface metal utility covers (including survey monuments) shall be protected by thoroughly covering the surface with an appropriate adhesive and oiled or plastic paper. No adhesive material shall be permitted to cover, seal or fill the joint between the frame and cover of the structure. Covers are to be uncovered and cleaned of slurry material by the end of the same work day.

Hand tools shall be available in order to remove spillage. Ridges or bumps in the finished surface will not be permitted. The mixture shall be uniform and homogeneous after spreading on the surface and shall not show separation of the emulsion and aggregate after setting.

Adequate means shall be provided to protect the slurry course from damage from traffic until such time that the mixture has cured sufficiently so that the slurry course will not adhere to and be picked up by the tires of the vehicles.

4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
4-1 MEASUREMENT (BY SQUARE YARD)
Cape seal will be measured and paid for by the square yard for the actual surface area covered.

4-2 PAYMENT (BY SQUARE YARD)
The contract price paid per square yard for cape seal shall include full compensation for furnishing all labor, materials, tools, equipment and incidentals and for doing all the work involved in the furnishing and placing the cape seal complete in place, including cleaning the surface and protecting the cape seal until it has set, all as shown on the plans, as specified in these specifications and as directed by the Engineer.